Full-Length Simulated Practice Exam

Information processing theory in career development is the work of

The classification system that includes a cluster system of six personal styles and work environments is called the

All of the following are one of Mahler’s four encompassing stages EXCEPT:

The concept of organizing people along a continuum of psychological separation of intellect and emotions is called

All of the following are differences between family therapy and individual counseling EXCEPT:

The theorist who emphasizes self-concept to match self to occupation (vocational self-concept) and to integrate life style with stages of development is

Vocational maturity is a term coined by

Which of the following answers most correctly includes techniques vital to Bowen’s family systems therapy?

Which of the following refers to stimulus substitution?

Which of the following terms is the term used by Elkind to describe an adolescent’s belief that others are as preoccupied with the adolescent as the adolescent is with him or herself?

According to Piaget’s cognitive stages of development, during which of the following stages are a child’s thoughts irreversible, animistic, and egocentric?

A therapist who often uses the terms homeostasis, prejudicial scapegoating, persecutor, rescuer, interlocking pathology, projective systems, and family ledger, is most likely operating from a theoretical perspective that is

Mary Ainsworth developed a study called the Strange Situation in which infants were observed as they were put through a calculated series of introductions, separations, and reunions with their primary caregiver and an adult stranger. Which of the following answers correctly describes the type of attachment when the baby seems confused and may physically approach the caregiver but not go look for him or her?

The concept that a child separates their internal world into good and bad aspects is maintained in which family therapy model?

The term hospitalism was coined by

Which of the following terms is the term used by Elkind to describe an adolescent’s belief that no one has ever felt or thought like he or she does?

A client reports having a variety of interests and describes having positive male and female characteristics that allow flexibility in thoughts. The professional term you might use to best describe this person is

According to Freud, a person’s _______ is to his/her awareness of reality as his/her _________ is to his/her conscience.

Which of the following terms is used by family therapists to characterize family systems with diffuse and unclear boundaries between members?

Williamson is NOT known for all of the following EXCEPT:

All of the following describe family boundaries EXCEPT:

Which of the following theorists wrote Totem and Taboo?

An occupation is an activity an individual pursues as a source of livelihood. Another word for occupation is

All of the following are considered systematic observations EXCEPT:

According to Piaget, when a child realizes that a particular tool or object can be used for more than one purpose the child has attained which of the following stages?

Tom was about to steal a book from Barnes and Noble but stopped short when he realized that he would be humiliated if he were caught. This classic Freudian conflict situation illustrates what personality level serving as the mediator?

Five stages of vocational development in the order outlined by Super are:

Mary is a mother of three children under the age of 10: Sarah, age 4; David, age 7; and Maricarmen, age 9. Mary’s husband is in the military is TDY for 18 months. After a long day at the law office where she works as a paralegal, Mary is extremely tired and believes she is coming down with a cold. So that she can get some additional sleep, Mary decides to put the children to bed earlier than usual. She tells the children, “I’m sure you feel tired, so why don’t we all go to bed?” Which of the following statements most accurately describes Mary’s statement?

Which of the following people is considered to be one of the principal advocates of trait-and-factor theory?

Tony is a skilled worker who begins sessions with a counselor in hopes of finding out why he is always so dissatisfied with work. His counselor administers the Self-Directed Search and explains to him that his most dominant personal orientation type is enterprising, followed by social, then conventional. On the basis of this information Tony’s work environment and personality type are

Which of the following models originated or at least strongly emphasized use of verbs, adverbs, and adjectives as nouns (i.e. “becoming” used to mean a desired state of being)?

Allport’s personality theory utilizes the term cardinal trait to mean

Cybernetics is the study of

Which of the following answers refers to the process of two people locked in conflict involving a third person as a way of “resolving” their own conflict?

Gelatt’s paradigm would lead a counselor to design a career development intervention which would focus on which of the following skills?

Studies have shown that people generally make a career choice with the expectation that their career will contain all of the following dimensions EXCEPT:

Which of the following theorists focused primarily on adult development?

The computer-based instrument designed by Katz for the purpose of values clarification in career development is known as

Which of the following answers most accurately describes the belief that the level of societal differentiation effects the level of family’s differentiation?

One of the earliest researchers who concentrated on how career choices are influenced by one’s early relationships with one’s parents was

Which of the following answers correctly defines the family type that is typified by family members being emotionally cut off from other family members?

Which term is usually used to describe Erikson’s identity versus role confusion stage?

In a 1985 refinement of his theory, Holland identified which of these secondary assumptions to his theory?

Which of the following answers correctly defines the type of boundary typified by family members being emotionally cut off from other family members?

A primary component of Super’s theory is

Studies of the impact of part-time work on adolescents reveal

Ginzberg’s research led him to conclude that career choice is a

You are supervising the work of several individuals who hold temporary certificates in the field of professional counseling. One of these counselors in particular appears to be “seeing himself” in certain group members and is therefore over-empathizing with them. He is doing this to the point that he is losing effectiveness in his work with his clients. This counselor, according to Freudian terminology, is experiencing

Burnout is considered the most common negative consequence experienced by counselors according to Kohler, and its symptoms include

__________ development is the primary focus of Freud’s theory.

A counselor who used mirroring and pacing to establish rapport with a client is most likely a practitioner of

Whenever Chad visits his counselor, he always feels good when the counselor demonstrates, through verbal and non-verbal language, a good understanding of his subjective world. According to person-centered theory, the counselor can best be described as having

A therapist from a structural school would take time and use skill in joining the family so that he/she might be effective in working with the family. Which of the following statements is NOT an accurate description of joining?

A professional counselor who is interviewing a new female client is aware that the client’s cultural heritage gives her status with her child rearing responsibilities and religious affirmations. The counselor knows these characteristics are closely associated with

Yo Min, a first-generation Asian American, comes to you for counseling to help him sort through his beliefs. He is lonely and disconnected from any community. As a younger man, Yo participated in the Buddhist community but he has begun to question his earlier religious beliefs and practices and wants the freedom to ask basic life questions. As a holistic, transpersonal counselor you choose which of the following approaches?

Carkhuff’s studies in career counseling outcomes revealed that counselor effectiveness seemed to increase when the counselor possessed all of the following EXCEPT:

Carkhuff et al, asserted that being an effective counselor requires more than an appropriate academic degree and credential. The effective counselor must exhibit certain qualities such as immediacy, which is

Counselors and clients sit and stand closer together when they consider themselves to be similar, i.e. having similar factors in terms of such things as social status, age, general appearance, etc. Research in proxemics also shows that an initial negative, distancing reaction is caused when a counselor leans (upper body) forward and the client is

When counselors work with emotional infrastructures, release of feelings, and anteing up within families, they are most likely using principles from

Kottler’s research into counselor burnout and boredom led him to include all but one of the following characteristics as a symptom of counselor burnout. Which symptom did he NOT find in his subjects?

A type of group therapy in which change comes by the dramatization that occurs when real life situations are re-enacted in the here-and-now is

Role conflict is exhibited in which of the following relationships?

Which of the following theorists suggested that we learn about relationships in four stages which he described as a four stage interview?

Claude and Joan have been having marital problems for the last three years. The problems began after Claude received a cut in pay and Joan went to work part time to help with the finances. They have made efforts to curtail unnecessary spending and are especially missing their evenings of square dancing which they have decided don’t fit into the current budget. The counselor asks if she can videotape their session. Videotape recordings have been used in couple counseling to

Thorndike’s work set the stage for

All of the following describe females in today’s workplace EXCEPT:

George’s client Mike comes from an obviously deprived social background. His parents “did the best they could” but twenty-seven-year-old Mike has no concrete goals and spends much time daydreaming how to get the best of those better off than he is. George has based Mike’s therapy on the belief that Mike is essentially good in nature and that growth and productivity are Mike’s natural tendencies. This theory is

Cultural and social dynamics are influenced by all of the following EXCEPT:

Divorce rates for teenagers compared to the other population is

Erikson’s writings purport that

Which skill could be defined as encouraging open, clear, direct communications among group members and assisting as they assume a greater share of the directive responsibility for the group?

The two roles of a group leader as outlined by Yalom, are

Which of the following characteristics would LEAST likely apply to the urban poor?

Linda, a 52-year-old woman, is your first morning appointment. She is married, has three children, and works for a local contractor. She is especially quiet and fearful of saying the “wrong” thing. You focus on her life experiences, things that happened years ago. Your model of therapy is

In the classic research by Ivan Pavlov on the conditioned reflex in dogs, he presents food to a dog and the dog salivates. He then presents a tone just before the food, and the dog once again salivates. After repeated pairings of the tone and food, the dog salivates at the sound of the tone without the food being presented. In this study, the food is

All of the following are principles of transactional analysis EXCEPT:

Rights of group members include all but which of the following?

Adult counseling groups, according to Yalom, work best with about

All of the following are trends in teen pregnancies EXCEPT:

A counselor who believes that man’s behavior is best explained as a reaction to stimuli he encounters in his environment has as his theoretical orientation

Biofeedback is an example of

Archetypes are ancestral experiences of all of human history that seek outward expression and are found in the psyche component called the

Tan Moon moved to the United States about five years ago. Since that time she has indicated a preference for the American culture over her own. Additionally, she now finds that she discriminates against other minority groups. In which stage would she most likely be identified according to the MID?

The special education advocates in this country purposely mainstream intellectually disabled children in an attempt to

Bruce is a 56-year-old depressed department store manager who has sought treatment from you for the past several months. Since your chosen treatment modality is characteristic of Beck’s cognitive-behavioral therapy, which of the following statements would be typically correct?

What research strategy uses previously collected data to answer a new research question?

The counselor in existential therapy

Martha’s counselor says “It seems you are feeling happy about your final choice, but little feelings of guilt keep coming at you at the same time and won’t let go.” Martha says “That is exactly how I feel”. This communication skill is called

A counselor who assesses her clients through a/an ___________________ view believes that the environment should change to fit the client.

Which researcher found that minorities are less likely to seek counseling?

Trent has an extremely stressful position in the local office of a national firm. He is responsible for a large budget and over two hundred employees. His wife works as a school teacher at the elementary school where his three children attend. His parents live about an hour away and he has enjoyed his time with them in recent months. The demands on Trent’s time, both professionally and personally, are numerous. His counselor initiates stress-inoculation training which usually proceeds in the following three stages:

According to Moreno, the person who directs their own psychodrama is known as the

The concept of “theme interference” would be most closely associated with which of the following psychodynamic concepts:

According to Corey, there are several advantages to group counseling that include all the following EXCEPT:

The Skinner box is based on the learning principles of

A carpenter comes to you for help since he cannot keep a job due to his fear of spiders. When he sees a spider he has a panic attack and has to leave the job. You decide to use Systematic Desensitization which uses counter-conditioning or a counter-condition (relaxation training) to an anxiety-provoking stimuli (the spiders). You refer him to a colleague who specializes in relaxation training and your client learns to relax on cue! Then, with the client’s goal being, “I would keep a job!” you set out 20 steps to reaching that goal. Somewhere in the process of completing the homework assignments (perhaps step 5) he’ll begin to feel anxious. “What did you do?” “I started to relax just like Dr. Simpson you referred me to taught me!” “Did it work?” “It worked like a charm – I calmed myself right down!” At step #13 you ask him to imagine being at work, turning over a board and finding a nest of black web weavers. Then at step #18 you stop by a pet store and pick up several non-poisonous tarantulas and have them in your office by your chair. While you are talking you reach down, flip the lid off, and throw those tarantulas on his lap AND HE HAS A PANIC ATTACK. Which of the following answers most accurately describes the entire process of successfully completing one step in the overall process?

Hans Selye coined the term, general adaptation syndrome (GAS), to describe individual physiological response patterns to stress. The three stages of GAS following a stressor are

Research indicates that the drop out rate for minority clients in counseling is

The counselor in client-centered therapy

Which of the following best describes Alfred Adler’s individual psychology?

Underlying the theory of individual psychology is the belief that humans as an integrated whole, have inner harmony, are goal directed, and are motivated by social urges in an effort to cooperate with society and establish a certain style of life. This theory was developed by

In the classic research by Ivan Pavlov on the conditioned reflex in dogs, he presents food to a dog and the dog salivates. He then presents a tone just before the food, and the dog once again salivates. After repeated pairings of the tone and food, the dog salivates at the sound of the tone without the food being presented. In this study, if the tone is presented alone following extinction and a rest period, it will produce a weakened conditioned response. This happening is called

The term that best describes the complex whole of the characteristics of a group of people that is acquired through membership in the group is

The law that prohibits gender discrimination by federal agencies that receive government assistance is the

Needs theory is based on the belief that psychological problems are mainly the result of environmental influences rather than biologically determined, and the belief that childhood experiences, as well as unmet needs, lead to repressed hostility and anxiety. Needs theory was developed by

The theorist who asserted that human beings are motivated by a striving for superiority was

Reality therapists do NOT espouse that

Which of the following reinforcement schedules leads to the highest and most constant rate of response?

Which of the following personality disorders best describes a person with symptoms that appear in early adulthood of enduring disturbance in social and interpersonal relationships, distortions in cognition and perception, and odd behavior?

On the Strong Interest Inventory, people tend to score highest on

Analysis of developmental changes, age differentiation, factor analysis, and internal consistency are key factors in determining

A standardized test was administered to 900 fourth-grade students. Distribution of scores was normal and was as follows: Mean = 60 Median = 59 SD = 12 Q1 = 52 Q3 = 67. Approximately 600 students obtained scores between

In somatic symptom disorder, the physical symptoms a patient experiences are thought to be caused by

Which of the following is a common procedure used by clinicians in observing the behavior of clients?

When scores are referenced in terms of “pass” or “fail” and the scores can be compared to a standard, the test is most likely a

Which of the following scales on the MMPI-2 would best describe a person who lacks confidence in him/herself and is more introverted and reserved?

Sources of random error in a test include all of the following EXCEPT:

A counselor is discussing the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale with a colleague, and the term basal level comes up. Basal level refers to

Which of the following disorders includes symptoms of recurring major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic episode?

Which of the following assessment tools is particularly constructed with the individual in mind who is seeking a career that does not require a college degree or advanced technical training?

Terman is credited with

Interest inventories are fairly good predictors of occupational

A 36-year-old female seeks counseling because she is not getting along with her husband. She has trouble concentrating and is fatigued. She has not been sleeping well for the last few weeks and tears up for no apparent reason. She reports that her periods of tearfulness and irritability are taking place more often than not. She has never attempted suicide or been hospitalized. These are symptomatic of

A group of clients achieved the following raw scores on a standardized test: 66, 67, 69, 70, 70, 70, 71, 75, 81, and 96. This distribution could be described as

All of the following are examples of estimating test reliability EXCEPT:

The most basic form of determining test reliability involving administration of a test on more than one occasion is known as

In addition to ten clinical scales and a large number of other empirically-derived scales, the MMPI-2 is scored on a number of __________ scales.

All of the following principles are reflected in the Ethical Standards of professional counselors EXCEPT:

Mary took a math test and scored 761. The test has a mean of 800, a SD of 25 on a normal distribution. Which of the following answers most closely correlates with Mary’s z-score?

The client sitting in front of you is a 47 year old man who has lost his job to “downsizing.” He is seeking your help in dealing with depression. You explain your contract with him and he brings up the issue of professional ethics. Authorities in the area of ethical behavior in counseling seem to agree that ethical behavior in counseling is

A counselor sees a new client and takes time to carefully explain the counseling process. The counselor gives the client a disclosure statement that describes the counselor’s training and orientation. The counselor emphasizes the importance of confidentiality and the exceptions to confidentiality. Finally, the counselor carefully goes over the contract for services with the client, emphasizing both the client’s and the counselor’s responsibilities. Which of the following ethical principles is being addressed by this counselor?

Which of the following answers most closely describes the type of research that is designed to analyze how clients are impacted as a result of counseling?

Which of the following Crises Theory models is based on the premise that the person’s crisis will recede when the maladaptive coping behaviors are changed to adaptive behaviors?

A crisis can be an opportunity because

You have organized an REBT group that will meet weekly. This is your first experience with an REBT group and you review the role of the leader, the role of homework, etc. You also review the ethical and legal standards laid out in the profession. Defending oneself against lawsuits involves many actions. Of the following, which is probably the best defense against lawsuits of all kinds?

All of the following represent factors for possible bias in a research study EXCEPT:

After Mary concluded an initial session with a client, the client became upset about the session fee claiming she had no idea of the expense. Mary could have avoided this misunderstanding by providing the client with what document?

The type of research that attempts to gather information to describe behavior and includes such methods as naturalistic observation, laboratory observation, survey, and case study is

A correlation coefficient of +.42 means that there is

The supervision contract should include a statement about the context of services. Which of the following is an example of the context of services for supervision?

Which perspective equips the counselor to be sensitive to physical, social, and psychological influences on the client’s mental health?

Which of the following answers correctly describes the mistake made by researchers known as an Alpha Error?

A group that receives special treatment in a psychological study is called a/an _________ group.

Having dropped by a friend’s house for a brief, unannounced visit, you find that one of your clients is there and visiting the same friend. Which of the following answers most likely represents your ethical obligation to maintain the privacy of client communication?

Which of the following is NOT an example of proper record keeping procedures?

Dennis works for a community counseling agency. Recently, he has felt caught between traditional models for the agencies clinical approach and the newer models that he has learned about in school and in his own continuing education. Dennis is considering leaving the agency but decides to see if he can help institute some changes first. It will be helpful for Dennis to remember that the most important component of any successful approach to agency change will be:

Lisa, a 55-year-old woman, has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). She struggles with intense interpersonal conflicts. What is a key aspect of her treatment plan?

The major factor to consider in selecting group members is

David, a 40-year-old man, is diagnosed with major depressive disorder and severe sleep disturbances. What is a key aspect of his treatment plan?

A counselor who focuses on life-stage transition points in career counseling is using which of the following approaches?

If you decided that a client would best be served by an autoplastic approach to change, you would

Laura, a 28-year-old woman, presents with symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD), including intense interpersonal conflicts. What is a primary focus in her treatment plan?

All of the following pertain to appropriate referral procedures EXCEPT:

In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), what is the primary focus of treatment planning?

According to Tiedeman, which of the following answers is the term used to encompass the steps of exploration, crystallization, choice, and clarification?

Which of the following ethical principles should guide a mental health provider when creating a treatment plan?

John comes to you for career exploration and consultation. At 35 years of age he has decided to consider changing fields. After several sessions to clarify his goals and interests, you decide to have him take the SII. Although he had to reschedule several times, he finally takes the SII two weeks after you had originally set it up. After his inventory is scored, the results indicate that his primary occupational theme is E. What answer below correctly states his auxiliary themes?

The period of self-disclosure and integration is descriptive of the

E.G. Williamson’s directive counseling includes the six consecutive steps of:

What is the purpose of a crisis intervention plan within a treatment plan?

The ratio of variance or random error between an observed score and the true score is statistically expressed by the

Rodney may be in the first stages of Major Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer’s Disease. Typically, one of the first mental capacities that is lost in the course of Alzheimer’s is

A person who believes that growth in an infant flows from the head downward including a differentiated pattern in size and weight would believe in a _________ pattern of growth.

The factor termed immediacy designates

Alcoholics Anonymous is an example of

Which of the following sexual disorders shows the highest treatment success rate?

The best adaptive-behavior assessment measure to use with a 6-year old that is also a part of the SOMPA battery for children is the

The technique which encourages a participant to give expression to one side of himself/herself that is rarely expressed is called

The process of grasping the deeper meanings of problems, being open-minded regarding varying approaches/perspectives, and practicing reflective thinking as opposed to accepting statements at face value is called

Counselor Smith has been working for the past year with fifty clients who are transitioning out of prison into “civilian” life. She has prepared a report for the project’s funding agency that summarizes her results. Thirty of the ex-prisoners are now employed in “training/educationally appropriate” jobs; ten are employed, but below their educational or skill level; five have violated parole and have been incarcerated again, and five dropped out of the program and cannot be located. Which of the following types of evaluation data best describes the information contained in the report to the funding agency?

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the traits and characteristics in personality disorders?

Since Juan has suffered a head injury that was severe enough to result in unconsciousness, he will experience

Going beyond the pure client-centered therapy developed by Rogers, current person-centered therapists are more likely to

What could be accurately said about the use of assessment by psychological testing when it is compared to medical assessment?

Which of the following people is associated with non-directive play therapy?

The first attempt to measure IQ was by the French psychologists Alfred Binet and Theophile Simon in

Why is there currently interest in integrating behavior therapy with other therapy methods?

The examination of the skull would be germane to

Who worked with Miller to show that by employing “rewards” rats could be trained to alter heart rates and intestinal contractions ?

All of the following are considered critical elements for individual change, according to Corsini & Wedding EXCEPT:

In the person-centered group process, the initial stage is known as

Work patterns of the 90s are outlined by nine paradoxes according to Fulmer. All of the following are examples of such paradoxes EXCEPT:

An infant at the age of 16 months thrills the parents upon saying “dada” for the first time. This small unit of speech with meaning is a

Which of the following theorists purported a theory in which the term microsystem is used?

Meta-analysis is a term used in research that refers to

A group of persons with the same characteristics who are studied across time are called a _______________ .

Which of the following people is associated with relationship play therapy?

A client is asking for your credentials as a counselor. She asks about third-party reimbursement which is a term pertinent to

Adults seeking career counseling services see which piece of information as the most vital?

Which of the following would be one example of a victimless sexual variant?

NTL guidelines suggest that the feedback given in groups should be

The decades have witnessed the ebb and flow of important issues. In which of the following decades was the role and meaning of work in society seen as a major issue?

All of the following represent techniques of cognitive therapy with one exception. Which one is NOT representative of cognitive therapy?

Kitchener defines justice as

Very young infants are known to smile. Bowlby’s theory of attachment behavior states that this smiling is a built-in automatic response triggered by specific stimuli. Only later, smiling becomes less automatic. This is called

Which of the following statements best describes work and adolescents?

Which of the following is NOT an example of group intelligence measures?

Bandura’s social cognitive theory is evolving into a more ___________________ theory.

Which population segment is experiencing the fastest growing increase in suicide?

A facilitator who is warning members of possible risks in group participation and attempting to reduce these risks is using the skill known as