Full-Length Simulated Practice Exam

Question 1 of 200

1. Question

Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development cover the entire life span with successful resolution of conflict at each stage important to the next. The stage when one looks back over life and feels accomplishment is

ego integrity vs. despair.
identity vs. role confusion.
generativity vs. stagnation.
intimacy vs. isolation.

Question 2 of 200

2. Question

George is a 39-year-old manager of a local fast-food chain. In fact, he has three such restaurants under his supervision. Business is going well except for the fact that he is having trouble keeping good employees. George expresses to his counselor his fear that he will perspire offensively if he begins speaking of his sexual problems. The counselor instructs him to perspire as much as he possibly can, just to see how offensive he can be. The counselor is employing the technique of

refocusing.
paradoxical intention.
dereflection.
consciousness raising.

Question 3 of 200

3. Question

Common tenets of systemic models of therapy include all BUT which of the following?

Psychosis
Boundaries
Feedback mechanisms
Circular causality

Question 4 of 200

4. Question

All of the following are considered an archetype by Jung EXCEPT:

animas
individuation
shadow
anima

Question 5 of 200

5. Question

The main developmental issue of adolescence in the Eriksonian model is

Identity vs. Role Confusion.
Latency vs. Puberty.
Intimacy vs. Isolation.
Dependence vs. Independence.

Question 6 of 200

6. Question

All of the following are differences between family therapy and individual counseling EXCEPT:

Family therapy’s interest lies in the processes that take place within the family as a system with subsystems whereas individual counseling is mainly interested in the intrapsychic condition of the individual.
Family therapy sees psychopathology as being unrelated to subsystem groupings whereas individual counseling sees pathology as being strictly related to environment.
Family therapy sees the entire family as the patient whereas individual counseling views only the individual as the patient.
Family therapy focuses on the sickness of the family whereas individual counseling focuses on the sickness of the individual.

Question 7 of 200

7. Question

Laura is an attractive adolescent who was recently spurned by her first true boyfriend and who as a consequence has started sucking her thumb a good deal. According to Freud, the term that best describes this type of personality development is

fixation.
projection.
regression.
displacement.

Question 8 of 200

8. Question

Schlossberg identifies three broad resources for coping with transition in retirement. They include each of the following EXCEPT:

Individual variables such as SES, sex roles, life stage, health, outlook.
Situational variables such as job descriptions, degrees of orderliness, and cohorts.
Environmental variables such as social support types and functions.
Transition variables such as triggers, timing, source, role change.

Question 9 of 200

9. Question

During which of the following stages of adult development, according to Havighurst, would an adult explore and begin a career?

Later Maturity
Very Old Age
Middle Adulthood
Early Adulthood

Question 10 of 200

10. Question

Research investigations have determined that the most effective, successful parenting style blends clear, strict limits, firm discipline, and warmth and affection. This parenting style is known as

permissive.
authoritative.
social contracting.
authoritarian.

Question 11 of 200

11. Question

In Piaget’s theory of psycho-social development, development is considered to be a process of

adaptation.
genetic unfolding.
arousal.
learning.

Question 12 of 200

12. Question

When children between the ages of 8 and 12 months react to strangers by manifesting signs of fear such as crying or clinging to their parents, this reaction is recognized as

startle reflex.
avoidant disorder of childhood.
stranger anxiety.
infant autism.

Question 13 of 200

13. Question

The definition of career education is

the development of effective counseling stages to further career continuity.
the provision of career development information to clients within the counseling parameter.
the training of counselors in order to effectively intervene in career development.
the provision of structured knowledge and skills programs appropriate for individual development stages.

Question 14 of 200

14. Question

Which of the following may occur during middle adulthood?

Presbyopia
Pervasive lack of intolerance
Increasing mental capacity
Clarity of intermediate ocular vision

Question 15 of 200

15. Question

According to Super, which of the following answers correctly labeled these words: growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline?

Life stages
Career choice
Life roles
Life-career rainbow

Question 16 of 200

16. Question

The developmental theorist who emphasized decision-making in career development and ego identity in cognitive development is

Herzberg.
Roe.
Teideman.
Schlossberg.

Question 17 of 200

17. Question

According to Freud, religious, ethical, and moral values reside in which portion of the personality?

Superego
Ego
Id
Libido

Question 18 of 200

18. Question

Status attainment theory predicts

that individuals typically follow in their parents' footsteps.
the prestige level of a person's job from an individual's social background.
that status will be obtained from other pursuits if not achieved in the workplace.
that the individual will always opt for the highest status possible.

Question 19 of 200

19. Question

Williamson is NOT known for all of the following EXCEPT:

Nondirective counseling.
Rational counseling.
Objective, directive counseling.
Client-centered counseling.

Question 20 of 200

20. Question

Cybernetics is the study of

linear causality.
conflict resolution.
communication between computers.
circular causality.

Question 21 of 200

21. Question

In observational learning the learner is said to __________ the behavior of the model.

elicit
imitate
modify
inhibit

Question 22 of 200

22. Question

A “Freudian slip” refers to which of the following?

Emotional Insulation
Identification
Wish fulfillment
Compensation

Question 23 of 200

23. Question

Communication theory set the stage for development of systemic and strategic approaches to family therapy. The systemic approach is based on

communication between family triad members.
communication between various family dyads.
communication between individuals within the whole family context.
communication between family units and others outside the family.

Question 24 of 200

24. Question

Which of the following is NOT a computerized career guidance system?

Discover
GIS
Recovery
SIGI

Question 25 of 200

25. Question

All of the following are considered systematic observations EXCEPT:

Correlational studies
Life-history records
Laboratory observations
Interviews

Question 26 of 200

26. Question

Following the Bowen model, once a therapist identifies the symptom in a family system, she will begin working with which individual?

The one with the least level of differentiation
The symptom bearer
The one with the highest level of differentiation
The most vulnerable

Question 27 of 200

27. Question

In Astin’s needs-based socio-psychological model, she claims that

there are significant differences in the primary needs of each sex.
motivation in the form of three primary needs (survival, pleasure, and contribution) is the same for both sexes.
women respond to primary needs more quickly and more often than do men.
motivation in the form of primary needs is the same for both sexes except that women also have a primary need for family.

Question 28 of 200

28. Question

According to Hull, threatened survival led humans to insure their existence by solving the perceived or real threat to their survival. The motivation or drive for such problem-solving eventually led to the elimination or reduction of the stimulation such threats aroused. The abatement of such stimulations, the drive or motivation to do so, and the behavior that lead to such reduction repeated over a period of time was called ________________ by Hull.

Shaping
A habit
Instinctual abatement
Ego development

Question 29 of 200

29. Question

Christopher is an adolescent who is experiencing considerable uncertainty in his pursuit to find out who he is and who he might become. The term for this uncertainty in Erikson’s system is

role confusion.
doubt.
self-absorption.
None of the Above

Question 30 of 200

30. Question

When the mother of an 11-year old child tells you that the child’s father was recently in a serious auto accident which occurred shortly after the parents had a heated argument over methods of disciplining the child, you ask the child about the argument. The child witnessed the argument but does not recall anything about it or that it even occurred. Freud would say that this child is manifesting

displacement.
rationalization.
repression.
projection.

Question 31 of 200

31. Question

Alzheimer’s disease is best described as

a progressive and incurable degeneration of brain cells.
a disease that can be prevented with continued physical activity during aging.
a disease that causes brain atrophy and is arrested with certain hormones.
a disease that stems from inadequate nutrition in late adulthood.

Question 32 of 200

32. Question

Boundaries that are impermeable are known as ____________.

rigid
diffused
disengaged
defined

Question 33 of 200

33. Question

In Satir’s experiential family model, what would indicate normal family development?

Dividing labor regardless of gender, convenience, or precedent
Recognizing when adults are no longer capable of performing adult roles
Producing and nurturing children
Disassembling boundaries between generations

Question 34 of 200

34. Question

According to Loevinger, it is at the _____________ stage that immediate gratification tends to dictate the child’s motivation?

Impulsive Stage
Autonomous Stage
Individualistic Stage
Opportunistic Stage

Question 35 of 200

35. Question

Regarding observational learning, all of the following assertions are accurate EXCEPT:

The direct relationship between the extra-uterine environment and the out-of-the-womb behavior dynamic.
The informative function of a model shows us not only how to do certain things, but also what the likely consequences of our behavior will be.
Imitative behavior is essentially operant in nature.
The acquisition of language is an important manifestation of the modeling effect.

Question 36 of 200

36. Question

Which of the following behavior therapy techniques is founded on the principles of classical conditioning?

Time-out
Aversive therapy
Assertiveness training
Shaping

Question 37 of 200

37. Question

Which of the following refers to stimulus substitution?

The loss of a stimulus' ability to evoke a response
The capacity of a response to evoke a stimulus
The capacity of a new stimulus to evoke a new response
The acquisition of new behavior through learning

Question 38 of 200

38. Question

In the Milan systemic family model, what is the focus of treatment?

Family rules
Family alliances
Family games
None of the Above

Question 39 of 200

39. Question

Which of the following may occur during middle adulthood?

Gradual decline in physical ability
Pervasive lack of intolerance
Clarity of intermediate ocular vision
Increasing mental capacity

Question 40 of 200

40. Question

Integrative models of therapy refer to all BUT which of the approaches listed below?

Eclecticism
Selective borrowing
Specific perspective
Specially designed models

Question 41 of 200

41. Question

Success of peer pressure seems to negatively correlate with

conformity of the adolescent to peer group characteristics.
the solidity of adolescent's value system and family connection.
firm parental boundaries.
the level of authority demonstrated by the adolescent’s parents.

Question 42 of 200

42. Question

The most widely accepted theory of change within family systems concerns the idea that change to one family member or the family as a unit affects the whole family. Such elements of connection in family change are referred to best by

second-order change.
linear causality.
family life cycle.
circular causality.

Question 43 of 200

43. Question

The three designated stages of career development outlined by Ginzberg and associates are

early, middle, late.
fantasy, tentative, realistic.
growth, exploration, establishment.
analysis, synthesis, prognosis.

Question 44 of 200

44. Question

A bottle of hand cream is laced with an irritant that causes itching. The young lady that uses the hand cream begins to scratch frantically. On subsequent occasions she is presented with other bottles of hand cream that have also been laced with the irritant. Eventually, the mere sight of the hand cream bottle is sufficient to make her scratch. In this example, the lady’s scratching in response to the sight of the hand cream is

a conditioned response (CR).
an unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
a conditioned stimulus (CS).
an unconditioned response (UCR).

Question 45 of 200

45. Question

Minuchin is most noted for his development of

the structural approach to family therapy.
the blending of transactional analysis and gestalt therapy into a unified theory.
the use of hypnosis as an adjunct to relaxation therapy.
the cognitive emphasis in behavior therapy.

Question 46 of 200

46. Question

According to Loevinger, it is at the _____________ stage that a person is most concerned with self-fulfillment and role definition?

Integrated Stage
Autonomous Stage
Conscientious Stage
Individualistic Stage

Question 47 of 200

47. Question

According to Loevinger, it is at the _____________ stage during which the infant cannot distinguish himself or herself from his or her mother?

Pre-conscious Stage
Social-Symbolic Stage
Conscious Stage
Presocial Stage

Question 48 of 200

48. Question

Colleen applies her complete thinking, feeling, and behavior toward her clients. She is using the helping skill referred to as

reflective listening.
autoprofile.
attending.
genuineness.

Question 49 of 200

49. Question

The term “congruence” when used regarding a group leader speaks of the leader’s

genuineness.
empathy.
respect.
immediacy.

Question 50 of 200

50. Question

According to Sue and Sue, barriers to effectively counseling minorities include all of the following EXCEPT:

inattentiveness to non-verbal communication.
ethnocentric bias.
lack of awareness of culture-bound and class-bound values.
cultural assimilation.

Question 51 of 200

51. Question

Implementing which of the following leadership skills tends to foster trust in the therapeutic relationship, communicate understanding, and encourage greater depths of self-exploration?

Empathizing
Questioning
Giving feedback
Reflection of feelings

Question 52 of 200

52. Question

The best description of the therapist’s role in transactional analysis is

nurturer, teacher, supporter, friend.
challenging, confronting, equalizing.
child, parent, adult.
anonymous, observing, qualifier.

Question 53 of 200

53. Question

Professional orientation refers to

one's experience as a consultant.
one's chosen theoretical background.
one's role identity and general inclination toward professionalism.
one's chosen method or technique for counseling an individual.

Question 54 of 200

54. Question

Which of the following impacts communications the most strongly?

Correct grammar
Verbal words
Non-verbal cues
Vocal tone and inflection

Question 55 of 200

55. Question

Counseling effectiveness includes attention to the personhood of the counselor. Select the statement that best depicts this self-care.

Insight-oriented learning is a must for counselor self-development.
Demonstrating openness to feedback and engaging in creative play are two effective developmental strategies.
Beginning counselors need to accept guidance for their own welfare.
Participating in a self-development group can help any counselor maintain balance.

Question 56 of 200

56. Question

Effective cross-cultural counseling requires the counselor to be aware of the values of all of the following EXCEPT:

Client.
EAPs.
Culture.
Self.

Question 57 of 200

57. Question

A counselor, maintaining a full private practice, begins to exhibit symptoms of depression. Financial difficulties and a recent divorce are the precipitating factors. The counselor continues to see clients even though he notices an increasing difficulty in listening and in controlling his emotional reactions. What is the best course of action for this counselor?

Close his practice until he is over his depression
Utilize cognitive restructuring or other approaches to help with his depression
Obtain treatment for his depression and supervision for his practice
Report himself to the appropriate ethics committee

Question 58 of 200

58. Question

According to Rogers, the counselor was responsible for the counseling relationship. He determined that their were three core conditions which he called

unconditional positive regard, congruence, tolerance.
congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathy.
unconditional positive regard, phenominologic, tolerance.
congruence, acceptance, empathy.

Question 59 of 200

59. Question

Counselors who follow the beliefs of Ellis see passivity on the part of the counselor

as encouraging clients to take advantage of the counselor and to avoid facing and working on problems.
as encouraging clients to believe they are equal to the counselor.
as being interpreted by clients as disinterest in them.
as encouraging clients to talk out their problems.

Question 60 of 200

60. Question

Select the statement that best reflects the basis for most therapist stress.

I do not have to be enthusiastic on a consistent basis but I had better be competent on a consistent basis.
I ask too much of myself and I have realized that I need to lower my own expectations.
If I do not live up to my expectations of excellence, I am personally incompetent and ineffective.
Given the current cultural morass, my clients are presenting with much higher levels of risk.

Question 61 of 200

61. Question

Which of the following is generally true of clients from low socioeconomic groups?

They are less likely to be diagnosed as having mental illness than are middle class clients.
They are more oriented toward self-actualization and other higher-order needs than middle class clients.
They tend to receive inferior treatment and are more likely to be diagnosed with a mental illness.
They are less motivated by concrete and immediate reinforcement than middle class clients.

Question 62 of 200

62. Question

Buddy systems, coping skills, coaching, contingency contracts, and reinforcement are most common to which group therapy approach?

Behavioral group therapy
Psychodrama
Transactional analysis
Reality group therapy

Question 63 of 200

63. Question

The _________ model of consultation is usually in the form of workshops.

strategic
developmental
training
behavioral

Question 64 of 200

64. Question

For which of the following groups of children did services improve due to Public Law 94-192?

Children with extraordinary ability
Children with disabilities
Children exhibiting academic underachievement
Children with a single parent

Question 65 of 200

65. Question

An initial stage, transition stage, working stage, and final stage form the group stage theory of

Corey.
Tuckman.
Yalom.
Schutz.

Question 66 of 200

66. Question

Claude and Joan have been having marital problems for the last three years. The problems began after Claude received a cut in pay and Joan went to work part time to help with the finances. They have made efforts to curtail unnecessary spending and are especially missing their evenings of square dancing which they have decided don’t fit into the current budget. The counselor asks if she can videotape their session. Videotape recordings have been used in couple counseling to

tape the couple’s sexual interactions.
document when each person is right and the other person is wrong.
help partners gain a fuller understanding of their interactions.
focus the couple on the hidden pathological hostility between partners.

Question 67 of 200

67. Question

Psychoanalysis is a theory of personality as well as a form of therapy. The person who developed this theory is

Freud.
Erickson.
Sullivan.
Piaget.

Question 68 of 200

68. Question

Elements of BASIC ID include behavior, affective response, sensations, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relations, and

self-esteem.
decisions.
drugs.
drives.

Question 69 of 200

69. Question

The role of the counselor who uses gestalt techniques in therapy is

authentic and genuine.
passive observer.
active and directive.
anonymous.

Question 70 of 200

70. Question

Co-leadership can be a disadvantage when

leaders are working against each other.
problems between leaders are aired in a format that effectively models positive conflict resolution.
leaders are trying to avoid burnout.
both leaders have achieved the same education levels.

Question 71 of 200

71. Question

Insensitivity to cultural differences and the use of monocultural assumptions and stereotypes without proof of the assumptions is called

acculturation.
cultural encapsulation.
racism.
cultural assimilation.

Question 72 of 200

72. Question

Susan is a counselor in a large city. She feels the pressure of the competition of the numbers of other counselors in the same area. Dan chooses to comes to her for counseling after he has checked on the availability of and fees charged by other counselors in the area. After the preliminaries are covered and Susan agrees to provide counseling to Dan, she asks him to recall his earliest recollections in order to assess his lifestyle. Susan is following procedures associated with

will therapy.
Adlerian therapy.
transactional analysis.
Jungian analysis.

Question 73 of 200

73. Question

Techniques of behavior therapy based primarily on classical conditioning include all of the following EXCEPT:

Systematic desensitization.
Aversion therapy.
Flooding.
Token economy.

Question 74 of 200

74. Question

The highest divorce rates are found among couples

with dual career marriages.
who marry after age 30.
who marry in their teens.
who state no religious preference.

Question 75 of 200

75. Question

A consultant utilizes a questionnaire and interviews to determine the level of job satisfaction. What diagnostic activity is she involved in?

Data collection
Discovery
Feedback
Proactive injunctions

Question 76 of 200

76. Question

Generally, hyperactive children

are viewed positively by their peers.
are low in intelligence.
are anxious.
do poorly in school.

Question 77 of 200

77. Question

In the classic research by Ivan Pavlov on the conditioned reflex in dogs, he presents food to a dog and the dog salivates. He then presents a tone just before the food, and the dog once again salivates. After repeated pairings of the tone and food, the dog salivates at the sound of the tone without the food being presented. In this study, the food is

a conditioned stimulus.
a stimulus generalization.
a discriminating stimulus.
an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 78 of 200

78. Question

Government welfare has had a splitting effect upon Tann’s family, already at risk for disease, homicide, and suicide from alcohol abuse. Tann is indecisive as to her future. She is most likely a member of which minorities group?

Black Americans
Hispanic Americans
Native Americans
Asian Americans

Question 79 of 200

79. Question

All of the following are trends in teen pregnancies EXCEPT:

Most end in abortion.
Most are unwed.
Many will be pregnant again within two years.
Many lack adequate nutrition and prenatal care.

Question 80 of 200

80. Question

Daniel is receiving treatment to alleviate anxiety. His counselor is utilizing systematic desensitization in his therapy. Therefore, Daniel will

be exposed initially to the fearful stimulus in vivo followed by in vitro exposure.
go through the entire hierarchy in one session, which usually takes about four hours.
be exposed to the fearful stimulus only after being taught the process known as relaxation training.
be exposed initially to the most fearful stimulus in his hierarchy and work through to the least fearful stimulus.

Question 81 of 200

81. Question

A description of this person’s therapeutic approach would most likely include its origin as stemming from the search for meaning. He is

Irving Yalom.
Carl Rogers.
Eric Berne.
Victor Frankl.

Question 82 of 200

82. Question

Working through conflict in groups occurs in which state.

Transition
Initial
Working
Final

Question 83 of 200

83. Question

Which stage is characterized by a high level of cohesion, open communication, shared leadership functions, willingness to risk threatening material, and non-defensive giving and considering of feedback?

The transition stage
The initial stage
The final stage
The working stage

Question 84 of 200

84. Question

John thinks that he can become the new governor of Texas. Yet, John has never held public office, rarely votes, is financially bankrupted, and has few friends. In confronting John’s delusions, you state which of the following?

“John, becoming governor is a big job. Let’s first of all identify a plan to help you get discharged from the hospital.”
“John, your goals seem very ambitious. Tell me what successes will you build upon.”
“John, you seem to want to make an impact on your community. Today, right here in the hospital, how can you influence your provider team?”
“John, I hear your leadership strengths coming out. Tell me more about how you can succeed.”

Question 85 of 200

85. Question

Effective counselor skills according to Ivey and Authier include all but

listening.
influencing.
attending.
keen insight.

Question 86 of 200

86. Question

A famous existential theorist in group work is

Irvin Yalom.
Rollo May.
Abraham Maslow.
Fritz Perls.

Question 87 of 200

87. Question

A cognitive-behavioral approach for obesity would stress

understanding the unconscious impulses due to fixation in childhood.
self-reinforcement for appropriate eating.
seeking evidence for the faulty beliefs underlying his overeating.
insight-oriented brief therapy.

Question 88 of 200

88. Question

All of the following are techniques of psychoanalytic theory EXCEPT:

Chaining.
Humor.
Resistance.
Transference.

Question 89 of 200

89. Question

The practice of screening for potential group members is recommended by the ACA and ASGW division under what circumstances?

Only potential members of groups in hospital inpatient settings should be screened.
Only potential members that are minors should be screened before admittance to a group.
Only potential members of groups that deal with chemical dependency should be screened.
All potential members for all groups should be screened.

Question 90 of 200

90. Question

All of the following correctly represent essential elements of existential therapy EXCEPT:

Self-awareness is at the heart of existential belief.
Existential therapists are trained in a highly refined set of techniques.
The relationship between the client and therapist is essentially important.
Internal representation of the client's feelings are necessary.

Question 91 of 200

91. Question

For the rational emotive behavioral therapist, therapy for a client will be considered completed when the client

denies the absurdity of his irrational thinking.
identifies his few basic irrational ideas.
becomes aware of the antecedent causes of his irrational beliefs.
actively engages in an activity which counters his irrational fears.

Question 92 of 200

92. Question

The group stages of orientation, conflict, cohesiveness, and termination were identified by

Tuckman.
Corey.
Yalom.
Olhsen.

Question 93 of 200

93. Question

Rights of group members include all but which of the following?

Voluntary right to ask problem members to withdraw
To confidentiality unless a clear danger to self or others
To be informed of responsibilities before joining
Fair use of group time

Question 94 of 200

94. Question

Bem purports that people will function more effectively as androgynous individuals. Which of the following answers best describes the term androgyny?

Women are encouraged to develop masculine sex roles.
Males and Females focus on developing feminine sex roles.
Males and Females are allowed to develop both masculine and feminine sex roles.
Men are encouraged to develop feminine sex roles.

Question 95 of 200

95. Question

In person-centered therapy, the driving force toward self-fulfillment is

an actualizing tendency.
a phenomenological reality.
an innate positive regard.
an incongruence in the real world.

Question 96 of 200

96. Question

Which of the following leadership styles is considered the most effective?

Manager style
Laissez faire style
Provider style
Type A style

Question 97 of 200

97. Question

Person-centered group stages include all of the following EXCEPT:

Milling around
Confrontation
Cracking of facades
Establishment of relationship

Question 98 of 200

98. Question

With regard to the treatment of mild cases of major depression, evidence suggests that

cognitive therapy is significantly more effective than antidepressant drug treatment.
cognitive therapy is equally as effective as antidepressant drug therapy.
interpersonal therapy is significantly more effective than cognitive therapy.
antidepressant drug treatment is significantly more effective than interpersonal therapy.

Question 99 of 200

99. Question

In Sue’s Minority Identity Model for psychosocial development, he identifies five main stages that minorities tend to go through in relating to the dominant culture. He believes the first stage of the identity process is

articulation and awareness of own culture separate from dominant culture.
dissonance with dominant culture.
introspection of self and dominant culture.
conformity with dominant culture.

Question 100 of 200

100. Question

Thomas believes that clients are all very similar although there are certainly ethnic differences. He would most likely be described as holding an

Emic perspective.
Egan perspective.
Edict perspective.
Etic perspective.

Question 101 of 200

101. Question

Meichenbaum’s stress-inoculation training is based in which theoretical approach?

Experiential
Cognitive-behavioral
Cognitive
Behavioral

Question 102 of 200

102. Question

A group therapist who uses “horizontal interventions” most likely

approaches the group as a whole.
approaches the individuals who are within a group separately.
approaches the group bilaterally.
approaches the group vertically.

Question 103 of 200

103. Question

Which of the following reinforcement schedules leads to the highest and most constant rate of response?

Variable ratio
Fixed ratio
Variable-interval
Fixed-interval

Question 104 of 200

104. Question

Jerry and Lucy have two teenaged sons. Lucy’s sister is neglectful of her three daughters because of her personal drug addiction problems so Lucy and Jerry have asked one of the daughters to come live with them. Their living arrangement will be termed a/an

extended family.
augmented family.
blended family.
shared household.

Question 105 of 200

105. Question

A therapist who establishes a friendship with the client, concentrates on present behavior, has the client form a plan and commit to it, rejects excuses if the plan is not working, stays with the client when plans must be reevaluated, and recognizes the client’s needs to develop responsibility, is most likely working from a cognitive-behavioral perspective using

rational-emotive therapy.
multimodal therapy.
life-space theory.
reality therapy.

Question 106 of 200

106. Question

BASIC ID stands for seven factors or modalities that in combination make up the basic personality of the individual. In planning for interventions, a therapist must assess and plan for each of the modalities by

asking the client to describe present factors and desired change.
giving the client a Rorschach test for comprehensive assessment.
administering a personality test then planning treatment.
spending several sessions in getting to know the client.

Question 107 of 200

107. Question

Carkhuff sees social change as

moving from conditions for survival to conditions for growth.
evolving from the primary relationships within family units.
independent of social action.
dependent on economic factors.

Question 108 of 200

108. Question

In the classic research by Ivan Pavlov on the conditioned reflex in dogs, he presents food to a dog and the dog salivates. He then presents a tone just before the food, and the dog once again salivates. After repeated pairings of the tone and food, the dog salivates at the sound of the tone without the food being presented. In this study, the food that is presented just after the tone is

a conditioned response.
an unconditioned response.
a conditioned stimulus.
an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 109 of 200

109. Question

A test that measures with consistency is probably

easy.
difficult.
valid.
reliable.

Question 110 of 200

110. Question

Which of the following books would most likely be used by a counselor called to court to defend his/her use of a particular assessment device?

Assessment Sketches
The OOH
Mental Measurement Yearbook
Tests in Print

Question 111 of 200

111. Question

Which of the following scales of the MMPI-2 measures anxious, narcissistic, self-doubting behavior?

D – Scale 2
Hs – Scale 1
Ma – Scale 9
Pt – Scale 7

Question 112 of 200

112. Question

Sources of random error in a test include all of the following EXCEPT:

Guessing and test length.
Homogeneous or heterogeneous test items.
Changing or stable factors being measured.
Consistent wording of items.

Question 113 of 200

113. Question

Assessment measures that are most useful for matching employee interests to the norms of people who are successful in similar positions are called

aptitude tests.
interest inventories.
personality inventories.
achievement tests.

Question 114 of 200

114. Question

As you walk along a crowded street in New York, you notice a man who seems normal in appearance and functioning, but then you hear him shouting to pedestrians, as you approach, that he is Jesus, and if you allow him, he will anoint you with his special oil that he holds in a bowl. From this brief description, you might consider that he most likely has

grandiose type delusional disorder.
persecutory type delusional disorder.
jealous type delusional disorder.
erotomanic type delusional disorder.

Question 115 of 200

115. Question

Which of the following answers is the correct range of a Correlation Coefficient?

.10 to +1.10
+1.0 to +2.0
0.0 to +1.0
+1.00 to -1.00

Question 116 of 200

116. Question

Emphasis on testing and measurement began to peak in the

1920’s.
1980’s.
1960’s.
1940’s.

Question 117 of 200

117. Question

The General Aptitude Test Battery was developed by

Stanford University.
the Department of Health and Human Services.
Cattell.
the U.S. Employment Service.

Question 118 of 200

118. Question

The MMPI-2 consists of how many test items?

560
557
550
567

Question 119 of 200

119. Question

A type of personality measure that is self-report, forced choice, and classifies personality into four dimensions with two polar preferences for each dimension is

the 16PF.
the MMPI.
the MBTI.
the CPI.

Question 120 of 200

120. Question

Children who are over the age of 4 and recurrently pass feces in improper places at least once a month for more than 3 months, may have symptoms of

encopresis.
chronic motor tic disorder.
enuresis.
rumination disorder.

Question 121 of 200

121. Question

All of the following are considered participants in test taking EXCEPT:

The test user and administrator
The test taker
The test developer
None of the Above

Question 122 of 200

122. Question

A client’s intake interview reveals that she has been hospitalized five times over the past six years. While in the hospital the last time, she expressed her belief that her husband is a serial rapist whose description matches that released by the police last year. She tells the counselor that she has excellent investigative abilities and is applying to the FBI for employment. Any questions that the counselor asks are met with the woman’s laughing inappropriately or answering by asking questions in return. The symptoms are indicative of which of the following diagnoses?

Somatization disorder
Conduct disorder
Bipolar disorder
Schizophrenia

Question 123 of 200

123. Question

Which of the following is a common procedure used by clinicians in observing the behavior of clients?

A beeper system to produce thought reports
Self-monitoring
Role playing
A computerized interview

Question 124 of 200

124. Question

In item analysis, the proportion of test takers who got the item correct is the

item-reliability index.
item-discrimination index.
item-validity index.
item-difficulty index.

Question 125 of 200

125. Question

Which of the following would be used as an assessment of personality?

Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised
MMPI-2
Kuder Preference Record
Raven Progressive Matrices

Question 126 of 200

126. Question

Rhonda is a math teacher and is teaching her students about SEM. Which of the answers below most closely correlates to an accurate statement about a student who scored a 92 on a test with a SEM of 4?

The student would very likely score between 88 and 96 if he/she took the same test again.
There is no correlated methodology to apply so as to know what the student will score on the same test.
The student would very likely score above 98 if he/she took the same test again.
The student would most likely score below 88 if he/she took the same test again.

Question 127 of 200

127. Question

Debbie has been diagnosed as suffering from persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), which means that she

is in the depressed phase of a bipolar disorder.
has been severely depressed for at least a two-week period.
has exhibited moderate depression for at least two years.
experiences alternating periods of hypomania and mild depression.

Question 128 of 200

128. Question

Researcher A conducted a study to determine the effect of the second verbal exchange between a Brief-Solution-Forward counselor and their client’s interpretation of the counselor’s next comments. She has a well designed study and her level of significance is set at.01. Researcher B is doing a study to determine if family therapy is more effective with adolescence than individual counseling. He has a well designed study and sets his alpha level at .05. Theoretically,

researcher A is most likely to reach insignificance first.
researcher A is most likely to reach significance first.
researcher B is most likely to reach significance first.
researcher B is most likely to reach insignificance first.

Question 129 of 200

129. Question

Which of the following answers most closely describes the type of research that is designed to analyze how clients are impacted as a result of counseling?

Quasi-experimental Research
Outcome Research
Descriptive Research
Action Research

Question 130 of 200

130. Question

Threats to external validity are concerned with the extent to which the experimenter can generalize their findings to a ___________.

Larger sample
Diminutive sample
Larger population
Replicated sample

Question 131 of 200

131. Question

Copyright laws and principles are applicable to any counselor involved in what?

Seminar presentations
Support groups
Private practice
Supervision

Question 132 of 200

132. Question

The number of stanines in a normal distribution is

8
6
7
None of the Above

Question 133 of 200

133. Question

You are applying the Trait and Factor approach with one particular client. When she threatens to sue you for malpractice, you recognize that before malpractice can be established, the plaintiff must prove that

there was a breach of duty and damage resulted from the dereliction of duty.
malice was intended and damage was done.
the counselor performed services not identified in the implicit or explicit contract and that harm occurred as a result.
a breach of duty occurred.

Question 134 of 200

134. Question

Kirk is one of four professional counselors at a local mental health clinic. One of the other counselors has been having marital difficulties and asks Kirk to provide individual counseling and is willing to pay the going rate that Kirk charges clients. The best ethical response to this request would be

for Kirk to refer the counselor to another counselor outside the clinic.
for Kirk to provide counseling after obtaining proper informed consent.
for Kirk to provide counseling at a reduced fee.
for Kirk to provide counseling at his private practice setting.

Question 135 of 200

135. Question

Henry plans to do research to see if the use of aromas during studying has an effect on grades. He will use the guys in his dormitory as subjects. The dependent variable in his experiment will be

studying.
dormitory.
aromas.
grades.

Question 136 of 200

136. Question

Application of research findings from the sample to the population is called

replication.
discrimination.
association.
generalization.

Question 137 of 200

137. Question

With a 95% level of confidence and p = .05, the level of significance means that the probability of results occurring by chance should be

no more than 5 times out of 100.
more than 95 times out of 100.
more than 5 times out of 100.
more than 5 times out of 95.

Question 138 of 200

138. Question

Under what circumstance is confidentiality to be upheld?

Imminent danger of serious harm
When the spouse of a client requests treatment status
During civil commitment proceedings
During discussions with supervisors

Question 139 of 200

139. Question

The client’s right to informed consent consists of all of the following EXCEPT:

The right to access his or her files, implications of diagnostic labeling, alternative treatment options available, and qualifications and training of the counselor.
The right to be made aware of related case files being kept by the counselor, but only as they pertain to a specific issue.
The right to receive accurate and clear information regarding the therapeutic process, expected roles, risks and benefits of treatment.
Knowledge of costs and contractual arrangements.

Question 140 of 200

140. Question

In an experiment designed to determine whether sixth-grade middle-class girls perform better than sixth-grade upper-class girls on tests of language ability, the dependent variable is

grade level in school.
social class.
language performance.
gender.

Question 141 of 200

141. Question

The American Counseling Association provides standards for reporting research findings. Which of the following does NOT have to be reported?

Participant names
Conditions
Variables
Limitations

Question 142 of 200

142. Question

Which of the following Crises Theory models is based on the premise that the person’s crisis will recede when the maladaptive coping behaviors are changed to adaptive behaviors?

Psychoanalytic Theory Model
Existential Theory Model
Slaikeu Model
Adaptational Theory Model

Question 143 of 200

143. Question

Narrative therapists view people as __________.

scientists conducting experiments
philosophers seeking meaning
storytellers who develop a story about their lives
risk-takers out for adventure

Question 144 of 200

144. Question

A counselor sees a new client and takes time to carefully explain the counseling process. The counselor gives the client a disclosure statement that describes the counselor’s training and orientation. The counselor emphasizes the importance of confidentiality and the exceptions to confidentiality. Finally, the counselor carefully goes over the contract for services with the client, emphasizing both the client’s and the counselor’s responsibilities. Which of the following ethical principles is being addressed by this counselor?

Benevolence
Nonmaleficence
Fidelity
Justice

Question 145 of 200

145. Question

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution is the

median.
mean.
range.
mode.

Question 146 of 200

146. Question

One of the main purposes of crisis treatment is to

identify the inappropriate behavioral responses and extinguish them.
address multiple cognitive distortions.
address a specific issue and assist the client in resolving that issue.
change personality abnormalities.

Question 147 of 200

147. Question

John comes to you for career exploration and consultation. At 35 years of age he has decided to consider changing fields. After several sessions to clarify his goals and interests, you decide to have him take the SII. Although he had to reschedule several times, he finally takes the SII two weeks after you had originally set it up. After his inventory is scored, the results indicate that his primary occupational theme is E. Which answer below correctly indicates the occupational theme John would most likely be the LEAST successful operating from?

Social
Realistic
Investigative
Artistic

Question 148 of 200

148. Question

Consecutive stages of the counseling process, according to Cormier and Hackney, are

assessment, goal, relationship, interventions, termination, follow-up.
relationship, assessment, goals, interventions, termination, follow-up.
assessment, relationship, interventions, goals, follow-up, termination.
relationship, goals, assessment, interventions, follow-up, termination.

Question 149 of 200

149. Question

Jocelyn is an alcoholic. She is 26 years old and works for a large national firm that has exceptional insurance coverage for the treatment of substance abuse and chemical dependency. Jocelyn never drank alcohol until she moved away from home to attend a large state university. If she wants the most effective treatment, then she should seek

outpatient treatment.
inpatient treatment.
either inpatient or outpatient treatment, as they appear to be equally effective.
treatment that is primarily based on medication.

Question 150 of 200

150. Question

Which of the following terms defines the leader’s attempt to prepare members to assimilate, integrate, and apply in-group learning to everyday life?

Modeling
Initiating
Signifying
Terminating

Question 151 of 200

151. Question

What is the primary goal of treatment planning in mental health?

To prescribe medication
To establish a therapeutic alliance
To diagnose mental disorders
To generate insurance claims

Question 152 of 200

152. Question

According to Tiedeman, which of the following answers is the term used to encompass the steps of exploration, crystallization, choice, and clarification?

Preoccupation
Formalization
Accommodation
Recognition

Question 153 of 200

153. Question

Rebecca, a 45-year-old woman, has a history of trauma and presents with symptoms of dissociation. What should be a key aspect of her treatment plan?

Immediate medication to reduce dissociation.
Exploring traumatic memories through therapy.
Encouraging self-isolation to avoid triggers.
Administering ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy).

Question 154 of 200

154. Question

In the context of treatment planning, what does the acronym SMART stand for?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound
Supportive, Manageable, Adaptable, Realistic, Timely
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-limited
Structured, Meaningful, Appropriate, Realistic, Task-oriented

Question 155 of 200

155. Question

David, a 28-year-old man, is experiencing severe social anxiety, making it challenging for him to maintain employment. What should be a priority in his treatment plan?

Cognitive restructuring to challenge irrational thoughts.
Immediate job placement in a low-stress environment.
Medication to reduce anxiety symptoms.
Encouragement to attend social events regularly.

Question 156 of 200

156. Question

Jessica, a 30-year-old, experiences severe social phobia, impacting her career. What is a primary goal in her treatment plan?

Administering medication to alleviate anxiety.
Gradual exposure to social situations.
Exploring her early family dynamics.
Encouraging her to work from home.

Question 157 of 200

157. Question

Which of the following ethical principles should guide a mental health provider when creating a treatment plan?

Confidentiality
Dual relationships
Self-disclosure
Boundary violations

Question 158 of 200

158. Question

There are three general considerations for counseling individuals in transition according to Schlossberg. They are

transition type, time, impact.
time, financial status, job satisfaction.
time, health, marital status.
transition type, context, impact.

Question 159 of 200

159. Question

What is a potential limitation of using the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) in treatment planning?

It lacks standardized diagnostic criteria.
It may pathologize normal behavior.
It does not provide treatment recommendations.
It is primarily designed for children.

Question 160 of 200

160. Question

John, a 60-year-old man, has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and is experiencing active hallucinations and delusions. What is the primary focus of his initial treatment plan?

Assist John in understanding and managing his symptoms.
Explore his childhood experiences and family dynamics.
Refer him to a day program for socialization.
Administer antipsychotic medication to alleviate symptoms.

Question 161 of 200

161. Question

What could be accurately said about the use of assessment by psychological testing when it is compared to medical assessment?

It is more dependent on laboratory findings.
It is irrelevant.
It is an ongoing process that proceeds along with treatment efforts.
It is more precise.

Question 162 of 200

162. Question

Barron’s research into how highly creative people differed from their equally intelligent colleagues did NOT include observing groups from which of the following professions?

Architecture
Mathematics
Music
Science

Question 163 of 200

163. Question

Going beyond the pure client-centered therapy developed by Rogers, current person-centered therapists are more likely to

see the self as active and capable of sound value choices.
suggest that the client is the primary actor in the curative process.
emphasize unconditional positive regard as a curative factor in therapy.
go beyond simple reflection and clarification in an attempt to focus the client.

Question 164 of 200

164. Question

Why is there currently interest in integrating behavior therapy with other therapy methods?

Other methods have been shown to be significantly more effective than behavior therapy.
Behavior therapy does not work for all types of problems.
Other methods have come to the conclusion that changing behavior is a sufficient treatment goal.
Cognitive therapy appears to be substantially superior to all other treatment methods.

Question 165 of 200

165. Question

You observe children within the same family exhibiting competitiveness. The term for this competitiveness is called

the Electra conflict.
the Oedipus conflict.
sibling rivalry.
the Founding conflict.

Question 166 of 200

166. Question

In an attempt to prompt clients to unravel neurotic patterns of behavior, which of the following answers correctly encompasses the concepts of reiteration of interpretations and the conquering of resistance?

Transference
Symbiosis
Working through
Countertransference

Question 167 of 200

167. Question

The founder of the American Psychological Association was

George Barden.
James Cattell.
William Wundt.
None of the Above

Question 168 of 200

168. Question

History places the first formal use of a standardized personality scale in personnel screening

in World War I when the scale was used to screen potential draftees.
during the 1960s for potential employees of nuclear power plants.
during the Depression to screen potential police officers.
after World War II to screen returning servicemen for jobs.

Question 169 of 200

169. Question

A local university has asked you to include some of your clients in a study of depression in homosexuals/lesbians. Who retains responsibility for ethical research practice conducted with volunteers?

The principal investigator
The human subjects committee
The supervisor of the researcher
The volunteer is responsible because of their participation

Question 170 of 200

170. Question

Which black psychologist created the BITCH (Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity)?

Robert Williams
Arthur Jensen
Raymond Cattell
John Ertl

Question 171 of 200

171. Question

A standardized assessment measure, normed for ages 2 months through 2 ½ years, that yields a Mental and Psychomotor Development Index is the

SOMPA
PPVT-R
WJ-R
BSID-II

Question 172 of 200

172. Question

Holmes and Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to measure stress according to rank-ordered stressful life events. Point values are assigned to the events and

the higher the score within a two year period the greater the risk.
the lower the score within a two year period the greater the risk.
scores between 50 and 100 are considered high.
the higher the score within a two year period the lower the risk.

Question 173 of 200

173. Question

In analyzing approaches to therapy, a systems approach to therapy is generally assumed to be most appropriately associated with

therapy for interpersonal relationships.
existential therapy.
cognitive therapy.
humanistic therapy.

Question 174 of 200

174. Question

All of the following answers do NOT correctly describe the term “underemployed” EXCEPT:

Employed in an underground economy.
Employed in an area in which you have extensive training.
Being over-qualified.
Not having enough work.

Question 175 of 200

175. Question

McCrae and Costa have made significant contributions to the five-factor theory of personality based on five major dimensions that categorize individual traits. Which of the following does NOT represent those dimensions?

Openness to experience
Agreeableness, Conscientiousness
Functional autonomy
Extroversion and Neuroticism

Question 176 of 200

176. Question

School districts across the country have made efforts to upgrade the quality of their counseling services by hiring more and more licensed professionals as diagnosticians and counselors. These educational systems use the term “main streaming” to refer to

removing handicapped students from isolation and, rather, placing them into regular classrooms.
providing streaming of thoughts to the main treatment centers.
keeping track of student's abilities to strain their conscious thoughts.
allowing handicapped students to remain in the teaching environment where the main group of handicapped students stay.

Question 177 of 200

177. Question

In which decade did Thorndike formulate his “Law of Effect”?

1920s
1940s
1930s
1910s

Question 178 of 200

178. Question

Regarding Cattell’s Culture Fair Intelligence Test, which of the following is NOT true?

In the matrices subtest, the subject is to mark the item that completes the pattern.
It is a paper-and-pencil test in three levels.
Black children of low socioeconomic level did much better on this test than they did on the Stanford-Binet.
The highest level consists of four subtests: series, classification, matrices, and conditions.

Question 179 of 200

179. Question

Alcoholics Anonymous is an example of

a closed group.
an outpatient program.
a culture-free organization.
None of the Above

Question 180 of 200

180. Question

Concerning the use of relationship techniques, REBT therapists use them

to alter the client's illogical thinking.
to gain the client's rapport, trust, and confidence.
almost exclusively.
only with neurotic clients.

Question 181 of 200

181. Question

The three types of response to aggression as measured by the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study are

obstacle-dominance, need persistence, and action-suppression.
action-suppression, ego-defense, and need persistence.
obstacle-dominance, action-suppression, and ego-defense.
obstacle-dominance, ego-defense, and need persistence.

Question 182 of 200

182. Question

The authors of Structure of Magic I and Structure of Magic II are

Bandler and Grinder.
Buber and Jaspers.
Carkhuff and Gazda.
Yalom and May.

Question 183 of 200

183. Question

Which of the following people is associated with relationship play therapy?

Levy
Taft
Kline
Anna Freud

Question 184 of 200

184. Question

Which of the following is the correct term for a structured set of queries that a respondent is involved in via paper and pencil for the reading and responding to said questions?

Case study
Laboratory
Questionnaire
Ethology

Question 185 of 200

185. Question

A useful technique applied by a Milan systemic therapist is which of the following?

Shaping
Genogram
Hypothesizing
Denominalization

Question 186 of 200

186. Question

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an advantage of doing field research over laboratory research with human subjects?

There is less control of the subjects and the environment.
The situations have greater impact on the subjects.
The research focuses on real people in real-world situations.
The subject cannot be said to behave in a certain way because he knows that he is being watched.

Question 187 of 200

187. Question

Which of the following is NOT an example of group intelligence measures?

SOMPA
OLSAT 7
NNAT
COGAT

Question 188 of 200

188. Question

A neuropsychological measure sometimes used in the assessment of brain damage is the

Vineland.
SOMPA.
H-R.
PIAT-R.

Question 189 of 200

189. Question

The Skilled Helper was written by

Egan.
Berenson.
Ivey.
Truax.

Question 190 of 200

190. Question

Which of the following would be one example of a victimless sexual variant?

Transvestism
Rape
Exhibitionism
Voyeurism

Question 191 of 200

191. Question

Recognizing the essential heart of a message at both the feeling and thinking levels and succinctly summarizing client statements by addressing the core of the message is the skill termed as

active listening.
interpreting.
clarifying.
restating.

Question 192 of 200

192. Question

Since the Binet stressed age-related tasks, questions, and items, one would understand that an 8-year-old task, question, or item would be one that

50% of the 8-year-olds could answer correctly.
only a 7-year-old could answer correctly.
only a 7-year-old could answer correctly.
75% – 90% of the 8-year-olds could answer correctly.

Question 193 of 200

193. Question

Which of the following approaches would be described as a type of self-instructional training focused on altering self-statements as a preventative measure?

Behavioral Contracting
Stress Inoculation training
Biofeedback
Reality Therapy

Question 194 of 200

194. Question

Current research indicates that, generally speaking, victims of abuse lack

the skills of tolerance and justification.
the ability to blame themselves for the abuse.
the perspective of self-confidence and self-reliance.
the ability to explain their abuser's innocence.

Question 195 of 200

195. Question

Encouraging self-exploration to a greater depth along with providing a fresh perspective for evaluating and understanding one’s behavior would be accomplished by employing the skill known as

supporting.
clarifying.
interpreting.
confronting.

Question 196 of 200

196. Question

This person was concerned about the diminishing number of gifted men in England and, therefore, believed that only parents who possessed favorable genetic characteristics should be allowed to bear children.

Paul Rottenberry
Francis Galton
Arthur Green
Frederick Morris

Question 197 of 200

197. Question

In a group setting, the term that denotes an approach to an individual member of the group as opposed to the group as a whole is called a

horizontal intervention.
parallel transaction.
vertical intervention.
crossed transaction.

Question 198 of 200

198. Question

Tolerance, craving, addiction, and withdrawal are best referred to as signs of

substance abuse.
substance intoxication.
substance withdrawal.
substance dependence.

Question 199 of 200

199. Question

Having a highly trained examiner in place to administer the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale – 5th Edition is very important. All of the following, except one, are reasons for such a highly trained examiner. Which one is the exception?

Rapport must be established.
Pertinent dependent variables have to be manipulated in sequence.
Scoring is difficult.
Clinical information should also be gathered.

Question 200 of 200

200. Question

All of the following represent techniques of cognitive therapy with one exception. Which one is NOT representative of cognitive therapy?

Ulterior transaction
Arbitrary inference
Personalization
Collaborative empiricism